Characteristic of management Essay

With the progress of history, the definition, content, method and attribute of perplexity is in constant development. The history of management theory and idea is evolving. Between the twentieth nose candy and twenty depression century, the environment of management has been traded from stable and predictable to unending changeable. According to Kiechels (2012) theory, with the distinct law, principle and regulation, management belong to a real science system.In this essay, two topics will be discussed. The first one is management theories and ideas have changed over time with two factors which argon the transformation of lug were treated from machine to human and the connection between presidential term and external environment. The second one is the trine most important differences between right off and then. The three differences are increasingly fierce disputation, personalized customer read and how to rectify competitiveness.The development of management theory and practice are closely related. focusing theory is establish on the appreciation of management system and frame after summarized the experience from the accumulation management. However, this understanding also leads to the management practice. First of all, the transformation of labor were treated from machine to human is one factor. subsequently the mid nineteen twenties the human relations theory and behavior management theory began to establish attention to human has many special factors different from the objects.On the human factor, first of all should be attributed to mayo and his in the test of Hawthorne factory. Hawthorne test is a management test of Mayo by Hawthorne predict factory which belong to Western Electric Company in the United States. Testing began in 1924 and Mayo conducted a series of surveys, tests and interviews. After that, the summary from Mayo (1933) of human psychological factors and social factors has great collision on the production efficienc y. The staff is social person they privation social psychology rather than scarcely the pursuit of income and material.Therefore, the managers of the enterprise should not only focus on the technical and economic factors of management, but also improve laborproductivity from the social and psychological aspects to encourage workers. Volberda (2012) has said that expect formal organization, on that point are some informal ones. Informal organization is spontaneous formation by nature from the masses contact. However, peoples behavior from the informal organization is always following the emotional logic temper decides relationship.The external environment become connects to organization. Some of managers work on employees by coerces penalization and fire to increase the stress of them. The strict supervision and control mode to staff actually reflected in Taylors scientific management service and the traditional management mode.The others the others has concept of management t hat will be advocated management method which is people oriented by human, tolerant, democratic in management behavior. The objectives of the organization are combined individual objectives well and create favorable conditions for employees to develop the wisdom and potential.Then, there are three most important differences between now and then which increasingly fierce competitions, personalized customer demand and how to improve competitiveness. Firstly, with the liberalization policy, business globalization and capital operation mode, the regional and industry boundaries were abolished which makes the competition to a greater extent intense. That leads to the difference by increasingly fierce competitions. With the opinion of Parker (2005), a long time ago, the research which based on strategic alliances and joined ventures was found.Cooperation and competition were founded to be a virtue and he analysis that competition is good to become to cooperation which is a good idea from the growing global economic. Secondly, Customers become the dominant personnel in the market by the expansion of product pile up in excessive extremity and income gap which leads to customer demand for personalized. Abrahamson (1966) suggested that, change is a global effect the customer is more mass medium on the quality of the product or service. Managers should seek a untested technology to help them make do new conditions which is the performance gap caused by environmental changes.Finally, with the widely used of the development of science and technology and information technology, lots of things could be done which may not be done easily. So the traditional management mode faces the enormous challenge.Moreover, by Rodrigues(2001) theory, the development of effective management skills to deal with particular problems and challenges of for each one organization in the global competitive environment is to make a frame work. The urgent need of many enterprises and organiz ations are rapid changes in technology and the environment. Today, the new trend of training and development organizations rough the world are dealt within their own organization.In order to achieve networked, flat, flexible, effective development skills, specific challenges different new organizations of their mission and objectives of the organizations all over the word. Effective management skills help people and organizations to improve its effectiveness and efficiency. The rapid development of globalization and technology shows that we are in fierce competition. Proper management is crucial to the complex environment.The quality manager and effective management style can determine the organisational culture with productive employees and ultimately, success or failure. Managers should encourage, guide, supervise, motivate employee and coordination capacity to promote action and guide change his leadership and other training manager. Management and utilization planning, organiza tion and communication skills are important leadership, more in quality such as integrity, honesty, courage, commitment, sincerity, enthusiasm, determination, compassion and sensitivity.In conclusion, management theories and ideas have changed over time with two factors which are the transformation of labor were treated from machine to human and the connection between organization and external environment. At the same time, there are three most important differences between now and then.The three differences are increasingly fierce competition, personalized customer demand and how to improve competitiveness. Twenty first degree Celsius for humans is a new age, we need according to the new rules to face and the formation of new rules depends on innovation which is the foundation of learning. Finally, Learning and innovation is the key in twenty first Century to deal with the environmental change.Reference1.Abrahamson, E. (1996). Management fashion. Academy ofManagement Review, 21, 1 , 245-285.2. Parker, L. D., & Ritson, P. (2005). Fads, stereotypes and management gurus Fayol and Follett today. Management Decision, 43, 10, 1335-57.3. Kiechel, W. (2012). The management century. Harvard stock Review, 90, 11, 62-75.4. Rodrigues, C. A. (2001). Fayols 14 principles of management then and now A framework for managing todays organizationseffectively. Management Decision, 39, 10, 880-889.5. Mayo,G.E. (1933). The Human Problems of an Industrialized Civilization, 25,3, 33-45.6. Volberda, H. (2012). Contingency Fit, Institutional Fit, and Firm Performance A Metafit Approach to Organization-Environment Relationships. Organization science, 23, 4, 1040 -1055.