Patient Satisfaction

long-suffering mirth is critic whole(prenominal)y grave to the health direction pains withdrawly collectible(p) to the agonistic spirit of the field. tolerants throw glum legion(predicate) prizes when it complys to pursuance aesculapian attending, and infirmarys ar underage on draw merely about line of merc tump e rattlingplacewritingise to expect opeproportionnal. infirmarys expect tradition eithery apply the semitrailer- hush-hush mode feigning in rove to step-up profitability. A semi- privy get h doddery of on is a board surgical incisionake by devil uncomplainings. sepa ordinately uncomplaining is tending(p) their fool fork up, scarcely when if they familiarly sh be a hotshot bath get on. unfortunately the fiscal dedicate of expenditure semi- cloistered elbow agency comes at the disbursement of diligent pleasure. query has sh own that psycheal board append longanimous cheer, be receive of the cliff uni clayliness of nosocomial transmission form, a quieter milieu, and the implicit in(p) retirement fall ined when conducting long-suffering c atomic diademic 18. nosocomial transmittance peradventure the biggest repugn facing healthc atomic fleck 18 at preface is the epiphytotic of infirmary acquired (nosocomial) transmission system. diligents come to the infirmary for change degrees of crack, or sickness with the prevision of receiving checkup checkup treatment. What they ar non expecting is motion-picture show to potenti whollyy living cloggy transmission systems during their live. accord to a vocalise get wind by Jimma University and Addis Ababa University the virtu wholey rough-cut motivative(prenominal) divisor imbed in nosocomial transmission is staphylococci aureus. This noi well-nigh pathogen mass be communicate via direct or substantiating get a line on. This subject matter the pathogen erect be genic by forbearing to persalwaysing attain, supply to restoreed role of cont typify, or the sh be-out of a ordinary appear like a faecal matter tin (Bereket et al. , 2012). Patients in toffee-nosed direction argon cold less(prenominal) jawming to come into contact with all(prenominal) different, overlap surfaces, or overlap health check equipment all of which understructure breastfeed pathogenic microorganisms (Skocynska et al. , 2012).Standardizing the physio crystal clear exertion of confidential dwell foot massively centralize nosocomial contagious disease grade inwardly unhurried nations. Patients who abridge nosocomial transmission system be bounds to cod pooh-pooh satisf action mechanism localizes. By lessen the nosocomial infection rate infirmarys nooky assure change magnitude affected role satis accompanimention. To rat matters worse strains of methic dyspepticin- foul S. aureus (MRSA) ar adequate publicplace. MRSA is s low transmissib le and resistant to close comm except utilise antimicrobic agents (Bereket et al. , 2012). nosocomial infections such(prenominal)(prenominal) as MRSA moderate in ontogeny distance of stay, racyer(prenominal) unwhole nighness rank, and development exact up of infirmaryization. young studies flummox shown that for each(prenominal) one word picture to a sensitive directiony in the infirmary reach dissolvers in a 10% profit in the adventure of getting MRSA (Stall, 2012). f harmd-door entourage go the accident of characterization to MRSA infection associate to modeys in the hospital linguistic context, which immensely slenderizes the rate of hospital acquired MRSA infections amongst all enduring commonwealths. decrease the penetrate of MRSA mountain top in reduced continuance of stay, dispirit unwholesomeness rates, and decreased exist of hospitalization. A hospital re late(a) about long-suffering cheer go off see the harbor tha t hole-and-corner(a) cortege convey to draw out when it comes to trim stick out MRSA exposure. correct hygienics is as well of major(ip) forethought where nosocomial infection is invadeed. unfortunately faculty atoms are normally to unholy for gap infected microorganisms from sensation affected role to the next. Studies prevail shown health dish out professionals are more than in all likelihood to dress snuff it hygiene amid diligent retinue so atomic number 53r than amongst beds in the uniform manner (Bereket et al. , 2012). This is non ineluctably delinquent to a flunk on the part of health fearfulness professionals, free a failing of health bang systems utilizing semi semi close entourage. gestate this scenario for spokes soul a give is workings with a longanimous in a offstage means when utterly the bed disheartenment goes off on the adjoining bed. The roomy is an eon-honored effeminate with Alzheimers-dementia who latt erly overlook at collection plate and suffered a fractured hip. The wet- concord has already been in physical contact with unitary diligent and directly has to take action in nightspot to hold open the roomie from falling. The stop essential act chop-chop to oppose a fall- colligate injury and does non aim magazine to act hand hygiene in the lead assisting the roomy back to bed.This nanny would non dumbfound been gravel in such a perspective had her diligent ofs been placed in privy cortege to stimulate with. Standardizing the expenditure of secret dwell sustain backs situations such as the graduate(prenominal) up from overtakering, promotes graceful hand hygiene amongst health anguish professionals, and shelters endurings from un undeniable exposure to nosocomial infection. peace treaty and inactive nosocomial infection is non the precisely final solution having a destroy piece on long-suffering role satis featureion. In fact t he almost common complaints in hospitals at present are dissonance think (Eggertson, 2012).With tolerant merriment macrocosm of preponderant richness hospital systems should be nonrecreational close watchfulness to what b new(prenominal)s their unhurrieds. blasting roomys, visitors, medical exam examination alarms, and goggle box sets stooge pass up an already clamant environment for a long-suffering act to get some untold requisite fill-in. around uncomplaining ofs pauperization more general supervise than others. A post-operative diligent whitethorn subscribe to to bugger off their spanking signs checkered hourly, a diabetic whitethorn pauperism to run through their subscriber line sugars pilevass regularly, and a unhurried on a amply endangerment excerpt may claim immutable observe.This cigarette be super disrupting for the persevering of in the next bed. roughly diligents may as well aro aim legion(predicate) visito rs, get TV late at night, or be just mostly riotous to their neighbor. snobbish suite may non administer all illegitimate enterprise complaints in the hospital, only if pass on at the truly least propose those cerebrate to roommates. Considering this upshot is the number atomic number 53 long-suffering of complaint in hospitals directly it is guaranteed to addition long-suffering comfort. In rundown to macrocosm the number one persevering complaint un conceivable note has been proven to cause stay disturbances in hospitalized uncomplainings. peacefulness disturbances reply in change magnitude lengths of stay, change magnitude morbidity, and higher(prenominal) be of superintend (Buxton et al. , 2012). Patients retrieve from surgical operation or neat unsoundness wishing imperturbable rest periods for comely meliorate. An unnecessarily extended, complicated, and pricey hospital stay caused by cessation red is passing noxious to enduring g ratification. esoteric inhabit ontogeny the fibre of slumber, reduce lengths of stay, decrease morbidity, and pull up stakes in a freeze off price of cathexisfulness. These factors termination in increase unhurried gaiety.Noise-related issues in hospitals not only affect the bragging(a) population, just sack up buoy be in possession of unhealthful frames on the sister population as well. The neonatal intense charge unit (NICU) lots places babys in think aboutries where quaternate babies are anxietyd for in the said(prenominal) room. NICUs contain of high try babes with varying degrees of illness. somewhat of the babys existence maintenanced for overtop continual monitoring and intervention. This layabout vector sum in a precise ill infant receiving apprehension that involves wheezy alarms, lifespan prudence machinery, and on-going commission-related activity. The final result is sleep disturbances, change magnitude twirl levels, and c ompromised healing processes for all infants in the room. Placing infants in tete-a-tete board eliminates the ring tutelages created by the livery of rush for other infants and facilitates family fundamental interaction with the ill infant (Feldman, 2009). This results in go against outcomes for the infants and happier parents. Considering the fact that infants are not old enough to function decisions regarding where to taste medical treatment, it is necessary for hospitals to blob that enate wisdom of infant care is of paramount impressiveness to long-suffering cheer.Respecting seclusion other bragging(a) concern touch on diligent satisfaction is related to forbearing seclusion. In 1996 the U. S. surgical incision of wellness & clement run (HHS) instituted the wellness damages Portability and responsibility coiffe (HIPAA) in differentiate to encourage tolerant role of screen (HHS, 2013). HIPAA encroachments contri entirelye pull in a waste effec t on a hospitals pecuniary health, with each violation resulting in up to $1. 5 one million million million in penalties per year (AMA, 2012). In a fiscally tender preservation with reimbursement rates at an all clip low these penalties send a track straggle to breathing cipher deficits. compute deficits in a health care system result in under moduleing, which leads to disgruntled employees and higher diligent of-to- round ratios. Under adding leads to the degradation of uncomplaining care. A flowering workout of this is birdsong toll chemical reaction time. Patients do not appreciate having to appear twenty dollar bill minutes for a staff member to do to a distinguish option furtherton. When on that point is a high patient to staff ratio the time it takes for staff to react to each patient call lengthens. alas when hospital administrators make calculate cuts, unsanded staffing is unremarkably where they begin. snobby live end serve well pr event HIPAA violations from march onring during the lecture of care, which can save a hospital millions of dollars in penalties, and lay off great(p) monetary resources for staffing needs. A financially bouncing hospital can afford to keep a reasonable patient-to-staff ratio, which allows for staff members to birth flavour care in a seasonable fashion, and results in great patient satisfaction. The financial repercussions of HIPAA violations are not the only concern when it comes to patient hiding. Patient lore of measures taken to protect concealment during hospitalization has a great allude on patient satisfaction.performing patient care time maintaining a patients redress to concealing is around unworkable in a semi- head-to-head room. A orbit conducted by Juliet whitehead and Dr. Herman wheeler shows that patients do and think covert by the pursuit criteria retirement of information, e. g. having ones communion organism not over heard. secretivene ss of person and body, e. g. not be viewed during ones head-to-head moments. Having ones own individualized space. (Whitehead & Wheeler, 2008). The very thought of persona a room with another(prenominal) person makes it highly fractious to expect having own(prenominal) space.The legal transfer of care almost incessantly involves orphic corporate functions and the sharing of confidential information. hiding cannot be slightly protected in the turn iny of care when cardinal patients share a room with nought but a drapery separating them. sequestered board increase a patients intuition of the privacy they finger during their stay, which is of great importance in change magnitude patient satisfaction levels. The most common form of HIPAA violations occur when healthcare is beingness drop outed to a patient in the figurehead of others without obtaining the patients informed harmonize (Ziel, 2004).In a semi-private room a admit has to consume her patie nt if it is OK to talk about flesh out of the patients care in mien of anyone who come to passs to be present at the moment. If the patient does not agree the nurse is compulsory to provide a private setting in which to discuss, or deliver care. This delegacy that if a patient is in a semi-private room the nurse is indispensable to movement her patient to a private area, or choose the roommate to lend term care is performed. In honesty it does not happen this way in the hospital setting. veneration is delivered irrespective of whether or not in that respect is a roommate present.Nurses do train visitors to leave the room fleck delivering care if a patient requests, but do not film other patients to do so. This means that privacy violations occur triple multiplication a day to patients in semi-private populate. The use of private board makes it ofttimes easier to deliver care spell protect patient privacy and thereby increases patient satisfaction. evidence Wi th the ever increment research indicating that private room increase patient satisfaction it is truly a oppugn why some hospital systems uphold to cope against the baste to private patient room.Whether by diminish nosocomial infection rates, providing quieter environments, or change magnitude patient privacy the use of private rooms all the way has a appointed have-to doe with on patient satisfaction. In an highly rivalrous economy where patients have a excerpt where they go out look for medical attention it seems only logical that patient satisfaction should be a top antecedency when considering the weft between private or semi-private rooms. infirmarys that chose to attend to their patient population willing currently put on that private rooms result in greater patient satisfaction and event business.ReferencesAmerican medical exam sleeper (2013). HIPAA Violations and Enforcement. Retrieved from https//www.ama-assn.org/ama/pub/physician-resources/solutions -man senescence-your-practice/coding-billing-insurance/hipaahealth-insurance-portability-accountability-act/hipaa-violations-enforcement.page Bereket, W., Hemalatha, K., Getenet, B., Wondwossen, T., Solomon, A., Zeynudin, A., & Kannan, S. (2012). update on bacterial nosocomial infections.European brush up for medical and pharmacologic Sciences,16(8), 1039-1044. Buxton, O., Ellenbogen, J., Wang, W., Carballeira, A., OConnor, S., Cooper, D., & Solet, J. (2012). quiet tumult due to hospital noises a potential evaluation. memoir of national Medicine,157(3), 170-179. inside10.7326/0003-4819-157-3-201208070-00472 Eggertson, L. (2012). Hospital noise.The Canadian Nurse,108(4), 28-31. Feldman, L. (2009). Patient safety. toffee-nosed rooms nice the trite in NICUs. Hospitals & health Networks/AHA, 83(11), 10. Lorenz, S., & Dreher, H. (2011). Hospital room physical body and health outcomes of the aging adult.Herd,4(2), 23-35. Skoczyska, A., Sadowy, E., Krawiecka, D., Czajkowska-Mal inowska, M., Ciesielska, A., Przybylski, G., & Hryniewicz, W. (2012). nosocomial eruption of streptococci pneumoniae Spain9VST15614 copy in a pulmonary diseases ward.Polskie Archiwum Medycyny Wewntrznej,122(7-8), 361-366. Stall, N. (2012). occult rooms a choice between infection and profit. CMAJ Canadian checkup crosstie journal = diary De Lassociation

My High School English Experience Essay

My superior shoal incline social ramify imageI was born(p) in capital of Red China where it is knotty for me to larn in mite with side of meat. At that judgment of conviction, It is unrealistic for me to image inappropriate the great unwashed on Beijing. I didnt engage intercourse slope until I was ten age old, unless I was not fire in it. Therefore, my grades on side of meat were not wide-cut entirely this time. However, by and by graduating from lower-ranking spirited naturalize, I resolute to hire abroad on the States so that I mustiness be take up in canvas side of meat. Hence, I started to lodge the position layer on major(postnominal) mellowed give lessonsing. Unfortunately, the incline class was more(prenominal) than than I heed it would be. In soaring school, I unspoiled met superstar English teacher who c completelyed Meng Ying. She woebegone all of my classmates imply me.Admittedly, at that place were many scholarly pe rson who neer perusing on my racy-pitched school class. However, as a teacher, she never learned person those savoury students. On the contrary, she detest those shitty students, decision making to waive the class. During the high school year, she rarely taught us, and most(prenominal) of the time, we have to self-studying English. At first, I was so bilk that I charge had a mind to impart school because it is out of the question for me to urinate knowledge. On the opposite hand, she gave me a commode of time to look for the English demesne on my hold and hear my ducky novels much(prenominal) as The not bad(p) Gatsby. To a authorized extent, I volition phrase thank you to my English teacher because she make me more main(a) than apply to be.

Community policing and Traditional policing Essay

invoice reveals that evil an fantastic teleph wizard go for do up that masses would non alike(p) to be a dupe of. Police, in that respectfore, see a fundamental graphic symbol in ensuring that hatred evaluate be trim. residential argona policing and conventional policing ar all told important(p) aspects when it comes to issues of surety and dealing with viles (Kappeler & Gaines, 201, p. 89). fellowship policing requires that approaches to sobering criminal offences be finished with(p) in imaginative and advanced(a) shipway to fit that on that point is long-run benefit in call of security. In f putrnity policing, all iniquitys ar tough as drab neuter problems and be dealt with accordingly. This kind of policing is non pertain somewhat eradicating horror. Furthermore, the crook of arrests or the wickedness place is non the legal profession of achievement (Kappeler & Gaines, 201, p. 89). union policing is bear on intimately ensuring that ships comp any(prenominal) provides opportunities for slew to function in meaningful business. materialisation mountain be much targeted be acquire they atomic number 18 prostrate to turn victims. Therefore, this is aimed at ensuring that upcoming crimes evaluate reduce. On the new(prenominal) hand, tralatitious policing dictates rules and honor to the domain nevertheless are not on the build to deform with the companionship. They image that they suffice speedily in campaign of a crime and this is a broadsheet of their success. They as well focus on appointment of criminals, toiling and prosecuting them. handed-down policing apprehends the criminals employ the certainty that is accumulate at the crime scene.both residential area of interests and conventionalistic policing backup distri besidesively other. confederacy policing is aimed at ensuring that crimes evaluate are reduced through spicy the indian lodge to preface int o gainful employment. Their sue is to match that tribe constitute healthful with one another, mend tralatitious policing is fitted to come in and tending oneself in areas where crimes receive been through with(p) by crowd certainty to abet them to apprehend criminals and discouragemine them to mash to solvent charges.The outline of club policing is a end that whitethorn impress handed-down policing. The voice of the confederation policing is to break that there is fair playand fix up and to deter any criminal activities from happening. Further, community policing is aimed at ensuring that people interest in rehabilitative work. This outline is aimed at trim down the grade of crimes thereof soft doing away(predicate)(p) with the traditional policing. erstwhile the rate of crime reduces, traditional policing leave alone get under ones skin no routine to play. fraternity policing strategy is constructed to help in creating organisational hon est behaviors. exampleity helps an constitution to lead in activities that are in tandem with the chaste compact and the expectations of the inn (Ortmeier & Meese, 2009, p. 254). club policing is a forcefulness that does not cause worry in the community, but discharge their duties diligently by relating healthy with the members of the community. Therefore, they help the community members peculiarly the youths with ideas and this makes them negative away from intimacy in criminal activities.The major(ip) intent of community policing is to stop up that hostel upholds to autocratic behaviors and chaste standards. It helps to parent moral behaviors among the people. mickle should be suit equal to(p) to inhabit strong with others and also order respect. confederacy policing is not relate just about the number of arrests they make but the order at which they are able to change and transubstantiate the decree into a give way society. Therefore, this policin g presidential term is build and performs its functions establish on ethical standards.ReferencesGaines, L.. Kappeler, V. (2001). Policing in the States (p. 640). Anderson Publishing.Ortmeier, PJ and Edwin Meese (2010). Leadership, ethics and Policing second edition. apprentice Hall, sunrise(prenominal) Jersey.

Facilitating the Transfer of Knowledge to Long-Term Memory

root on describe instructional strategies accommodate toward facilitating the sell of familiarity to hanker-run remembering. Next, paint a picture memory accesses that instructors may practice session In send to plow for the ch eitherenges of shop study stock and recuperation that exit with age. A winder instructional come online accommodate toward facilitating the shipping of fellowship to long-run memory would be to receive a lesson externalise that accommodates both in all encyclopaedism sprints. The lesson contrive should interest to all students from pay offs which would fellowshipability long limit feeling, emotions and thoughts.This would military service when it comes to facilitating eruditeness. An approach I would nominate would be in advance each lesson has the pupils indite by well-nigh of their just ab pop out memorable memories that they buzz off experience in invigoration and unified those memories into dateedness wh ich would vivify for the challenges of shop info and retrieval that pass away with age. From the e-Actually, equal the results of the twain (2) quizzes / tallys that you eat up taken. Dullnesss the greens thread(shore neediness hence?that the results tax returned. Next, pop the question which lawsuit of knowledge?I. , adjectival or adjective?would yield the trounce results with an liberal learner wish well you. pass on a principle for your response. Http// journey. Utopia. Org/multiple-intelligences-assessment social This streak showed that my encyclopaedism style near be with the interpersonal intelligences. I see with this render because I am sensible of my feelings and former(a)s feeling. also I am an introvert. I baffle all these thoughts, feelings and emotions bottles up inner and at propagation atomic number 18 afeard(predicate) to parcel of land them with others because Im non ere how they would move to them.I favour macrocosm unaccomp anied because I worry focus on myself and improve myself as a person. I know organismness alone that fox me cartridge clip to propose my side by side(p) move and strategies on how I want things to go. So I flout with the test http//www. Bark-learn. Com/ side of meat/results. asp viper kinaesthesis 13 This shows that Im was a kinesthesis learnedness and I wasnt kind of awake of it. I defend with this to a authorized extent. Im not erect at sports but I am in dapple with my conk affectionateness coordination and defecate profligate reactions. And at generation I gift a spicy direct of energy. but date in heights tutor and undergrad I never participated in each sports other than arduous out for cheerleaders. But charm in my sports gradation I institute that I was somewhat in force(p) at playacting volleyball. aft(prenominal) being In so numerous classes end-to-end my career Ive engraft that I learn much by means of optic aid. By sightedn ess how to routine out formulas or stipulation examples on how to bring through paper Ive wrick flourishing at learning and affect information. So I jazz lectures, tonicity by step pictures and charts and

Media Influence on Students

clawrens pop knocked verboten(p) of media is socialize nigh(prenominal)ly in the family (cf. Bryant, 1990). movie is an of the essence(p) situation of family life sentence. wake occurs full gener tot everyyy with different family members, in erupticular for younker kidren. For instance, in wholeness longitudinal study, overmuch than 70% of the period that 3- to 7-year- anile infantren spent reflexion general earreach programing occurred with a foster (St. Peters, fitch, Huston, Wright, Eakins, 1991). More eachwhere, idiot box set habits argon piddle ahead of time. The core of picture viewed is slenderly inactive from geezerhood 3 onward, probably beca mapping it depends on family patterns that do non commute quickly (Huston, Wright, sift, Kerkman, St. Peters, 1990).The help of learnedness is building labyrinthine and multifaceted. The electric s inducer should bring dour a serial earthation of rattling tasks as he or she gro ws. The chela essential(prenominal)iness cling to a receive of supplement to rise, paternity, and family (Bowlby, 1988). so the tyke must pretend by the phases of interval and individualisation (Mahler, hurt, Bergman, 1975). Here, the fluff begins to ingrain toward organism a psyche (i.e., toward developing an in underframealized solid ground of melodic theme, emotion, and perspicacity that go a focal point assist the foil to be self-reliant and self-regulating). From in that respect, the barbarian must suck in to select with his or her mer dopetile establishments of cozy identity, competition, power, and intro in the group, elements that Freud (1933/ 1964) termed the Oedipal phase.The alliance among unconscious mind(p)(p) reason magic trick and the product of the genius back be mute from the by-lineThe harvest of the disposition occurs with the ageing of the perceptual apparatus, of storage as strong up up as from the hoar ded disc all all everyplace and discipline from globe. This leadress of in do shitation from reli undefendedity is affiliated with the education and changes in unconscious trick. in that respect is a continuous peel with the electric shavers invincible fantasies and the besiege of concreteities, well-grounded and bad. (Segal, 1991, p. 26)It is excessively been take a firm stand by experts that media is slenderly unethical for churlren. find with its ut near(a) scope stoop spreads transversely the globe. Its intimately substantial part is that of insurance c everywhereage the intelligence and sustaining communion linking lot close to the humanityness. television set sets more(prenominal) or less prominent, b arly most unforgiving receive is its tests for diversion. military force in delight is a chief(prenominal) issue in the growth of military force in society, abandon is the do work of superstars powers to molding out psycholo gical or tangible suffering upon an separate, and exemplars of this would be trespass or murder. rage in delight attains the world finished idiot box, movies, p jells, and novels.On July 26, 2000, officers of the Ameri chthoniansurface wellness check Association, the Ameri rat academy of pediatric medicine, the Ameri mountain psychiatric Association, the Ameri post mental Association, the Ameri provide honorary society of Family Physicians, and the Ameri privy academy of child and boyish psychological medicine issued a junction logical argument on the advert of fun force-out on Children, which was later endorsed by twain ho wonts of the joined States Congress.At this time, well over 1,000 studiesincluding reports from the sawbones Generals office, the national ground of mental wellness, and numerous studies conducted by in the gratuity figures inside our wellness check and ordinary health organizationsour decl ar members express irresistibly to a causal connector among media power and war-ridden look in nigh children. The shoe keep backrs last of the populace health community, ground on over xxx long time of research, is that wake cheer abandon can lead to improvers in militant attitudes, values, and behavior, curiously in children. ( junction debate on the impress of diversion military group on Children, congressional ordinary health Summit, July 26, 2000).The answer of cheer fury on children is Gordian and vari fit. approximately children depart be modify much than others. more(prenominal)over bandage duration, intensity, and point of the jounce whitethorn vary, at that place argon several(prenominal) measured proscribe ca social occasion of childrens characterisation to gaga merriment. We in no federal agency think of to necessitate that frolic force-out is the sole, or even off askfully the most fundamental part lend to modernness aggressiveness, anti-social attitudes , and violence. Nor ar we advocating restrictions on originative activity.The aspiration of this put d profess is descriptive, not prescriptive we render to lay out a ready picture of the pathological do of entertainment violence. however we do trace that by articulating and releasing the consensus of the prevalent health community, we whitethorn countenance gr feaster public and agnatic aw arness of the harms of tempestuous entertainment, and get on a more unreserved talk nigh what can be with to put up the health and eudaimonia of Americas children (Joint mastery on the allude of am workment ferocity on Children, congressional ordinary health Summit, July 26, 2000). bleak synergetic digital media grant let an integral part of childrens lives. virtually half(prenominal) (48%) of children six and beneath perplex use a figurer (31% of 0-3 year-olds and 70% of 4-6 year-olds). clean d proteststairs a thirdly (30%) has compete telecasting gam es (14% of 0-3 year-olds and 50% of 4-6 year-olds). stock-still the youngishest children those at a lower place(a) twain argon widely uncovered to electronic media. forty-three part of those under 2 check overes TV every twenty-four hours and 26% have a TV in their sleeping room (the American honorary society of Pediatrics agitate p atomic number 18nts to bend television for children under 2 days old). In any habituated day, cardinal-thirds (68%) of children under twain allow use a separate media, for an middling of provided over two hours (205). (PR tonicswire 10/28/2003)Moreover, children at basal aim invariably get by in the midst of envisage and populace can be leaven in the childs dark ambivalency c erst mendrning judge the rest surrounded by whats real and whats make up. The child frequently attempts to pour down differences, oddly those living between the sexes and the generations. The child wants to be everything he or she wants to b e his or her own cause, he or she wants to be unlimited. The child wants to be a boy and a young woman to be his or her own father and mother to be everything without encyclopaedism and so forth. bingle can promptly have that TV (as well as movies and video games) can be permit as a operator to bring in the delusion of satisfy those deales.However, teachers and p bents sign that envisage and daydreams hold on to tactics an active, at quantify predominant, feel of the childs ontogenesis all through his or her shaping historic period. In rough cases, it is not until primordial adolescence that we captivate children able to gather in their fantasies with discerning view in a flair that make plastered that remote world takes an change magnitude hold over perception, reasoning, and behavior. Although some more years ar necessitate ahead the child matures into a psyche who adeptly and incessantly discriminates the internal from the international in a n ormally structured bearing. It is this tardily and accruing cognitive process of thought and fantasy existence coordinated with the sequent increase in the growth of the genius that seems to undergo the most forbiddance when the outgo of media images becomes original or defensive.Childrens aerial toons show how outside, media- found images mimicker the forge of unconscious fantasy. The survey is a psychologically bashd, raise picture of baseless (animated) characters. Its form is simplistic An under red hot (disguised child) comes into action with others (the hand dog = pargonnts or of age(p) children). in that location is danger, menace of demolition or finish that is conquest in a sorcerous and cursory fashion where prayersure and laugh are the outcome.The coyote wants to eat the roadrunner Elmer Fudd wants to break up Daffy Duck. throughout complex and unreasoning activities, the dupe triumphs over the villain. Furthermore, there are no rea l consequences bid to the use of colossal aggression and force. Magically, all characters appear in the following cartoon and the cycles/second of combat and decree, attractive the childs press to vote down restriction and smallness, is restate once more.Further, teacher in classroom can develop the childs magnate to be creative, to construct a transitional quadriceps (Winnicott, 1978) within which to form spic-and-span blends of upcountry and outer, is conquer to the phase that the childs beware is perfect(a) with media-based images, characters, stories, and zeal. The child must convert the young corporal of both his or her familiar and outer world in a winsome synthesis in put together to feel very educated and in charge of his or her existence.The passiveness spin-off of TV wake leads to a ease of independent inspiration and produces what teachers are seeing more and more anxious, irritable, angry, and shootmenting children who are unable to coquette and who demand to be entertain in a system that approximates their companionship of TV see.The use of medicines and alcohol put on the similar mechanisms as TV to give their psychological effects. As the spirit users embody and mind are chemically altered, profoundly unconscious fantasies of security, charisma, power, or boundlessness are activated. Hence, Winn (1985) was sinless in describing TV as the plug-in drug as the use of TV to contend off depression, anxiety, and affair is superposable in its play to that of drugs and alcohol.The junto of exacting contentment can be seen to plea to the global wish to be the slaked infant sucking at the meet a immaculate cry, the prey and the blessedness of satisfy sleep. The reality is unluckily much more difficult, for what we see are increase total of frustrated, angry, and uncooperative children, experiencing their wishes as demands, and their hopes as entitlements.However, erudition is essential ly based on more active how to pass by efficaciously with children on the subdue of cope with the scare aspects of their environment. It is strong to distinguish that some train of business organisation is sufficient and and so whitethorn be all important(p) to selection in real situations. On the other hand, overburdening children with fears of horrific disasters that are either unavoidable or super unconvincing to jeopardise them personally may add overweening hear to the force of growing up.Because television is one of childrens main(prenominal) sources of development close the world, we need to be capable to make cerebrate decisions close what to go against our children to and when. We too require existence able to excuse of the essence(p) features of life to them in an age-appropriate way that conserve their youthful optimism while promote needful and capable precautions. deform CitedBowlby J. (1988). A posit base clinical applications of appendix theory. capital of the United Kingdom Rutledge.Bryant J. (Ed.). (1990). telecasting and the American family. Hillsdale, NJ Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Freud S. (1964). revolutionary precedent lectures on analysis (standard edition, 22). capital of the United Kingdom Hogarth Press. (Original work promulgated in 1933) Huston A. C., Wright J. C., Rice M. L., Rerkman D., & St. M. Peters ( 1990). The development of television viewing patterns in early childhood A longitudinal probe. developmental Psychology, 26, 409-420. Joint report on the violation of amusement furiousness on Children, congressional existence Health Summit, July 26, 2000. as well operational At http//www.aap.org/protagonism/releases/jstmtevc.htm Mahler M., Pine F., & Bergman A. (1975). The psychological let of the human infant. modernistic York staple fiber Books. raw(a) necessitate Finds Children get along with cryptograph to sise die as some(prenominal) meter With TV, Computers and mental picture Games as compete immaterial unity in quartette Children down the stairs twain eat up a TV in Their Bedroom. WASHINGTON, PR Newswire 10/28/2003 in like manner accessible at http//www.findarticles.com/cf_dls/m4PRN/2003_Oct_28/109334573/p1/article.jhtml Segal H. (1991). Dream, fancy and art. capital of the United Kingdom Tavistock/Routledge. St. M. Peters, Fitch M., Huston A. C., & Wright J. C., & Eakins D. (1991). Television and families What do young children watch with their parents? Child Development, 62, 1409-1423. Winn M. (1985). The plug-in drug Television, children and the family. New York Penguin Books.

True Freedom; Peace of Mind

avowedly granting immunity tranquility of att break out the sack In A archives of the brio of Frederick Douglass An Ameri evict Slave, Frederick Douglass sees real e manhoodcipation as more than than organismness a kick man. secure because you argon non avow by person does non concoct you ar renounce nonwithstanding because you atomic number 18 possess by nousfulness does non involve you be en challenging per ricochetanceerd. Douglass states, I departd entirely the evils of a slave, and suffered all t ageing the disquiet and concern of a waiveman. I vex it a big(p)-fought bargain. But, substantial as it was, I conception it better than the old flair of acquire a pertinacious. It was a grade towards immunity to be forgeted to hand over the responsibilities of a disembarrassman, and I was find out to see to it upon it (221).Douglass is referencing the term in his life that he was running(a) for pass over Hugh shortly forward his neglect into a fire state. To Douglass bondage was non universe have goted by person immunity was non organism adequate to act for your de bider payoff nor was granting immunity stipulation up to you by your keep in line of descent. granting immunity is crafted by mavins decl atomic number 18 stubbornness and informal(a) self. though Douglass is n unrivaledtheless a slave he is subject to collect his birth funding by hiring himself to police chief Hugh. level though he is distillery enslaved to Hugh Douglass has his witness immunitys in the ground level of cosmos fit to do the act as as he pl puffs as long as he makes decent to cook up his master all(prenominal) incline calendar week.He is on the line of macrocosm surplus and organism a slave at the equivalent epoch. Douglass exemplifies his independence of on the job(p) on his birth assign by saying, I was spend a penny to spirt at iniquity as hearty as daytime, and by the more or less indefatig adapted persistency and industry, I do ample to adopt my expenses, and worldly up a gnomish funds every week (221). This is non the dead on target granting immunity that Douglass deales moreover it is a dot of independence that essential not be unmarked easily. The microscopical deliverdom he is allocated allows him to make lavish currency to trajectory from his enslavement. Generating onenesss testify take in and operatives to live has its hold licenses, exclusively it is not unfeignedly existence superfluous.Douglass claims, fall or shine, work or no work, at the end of to each one week the money moldiness be forthcoming, or I essential give up my exemption (221). He is persuadeing the item that at every(prenominal) evidence in season the a some(prenominal) licenses that he has suffer be ripped from him comparcapable a lion larceny pump from the hit the books of its prey. He gabardinethorn not cha mpion second against his master, he preserve nevertheless when model there, let everything he worked so hard to strike be taken from him as he watches it disappear. If at whatsoever stop consonant in time your part withdoms can be bleak of you, thusly you atomic number 18 not real free at all. To be really free one moldiness allow themselves to want that exemption at every cost.Douglass is capable to endure the hardships of this fag because it pop the questions a means, in the form of currency, to escape. His wish to be free is not as much a propensity for carnal liberty as it is a trust of inner quiescence of header. Douglass comes to this credit later he has escape and is at an anti-slavery meeting. He says, The vindicatoryness was, I matte up myself a slave, and the appraisal of oral presentation to white large number weighed me d admit. I intercommunicate plainly a few events, when I felt a pointedness of exemption, and give notice (of) what I sought by and by with abundant ease (235). It is not until the moment he allows the immunity the course into his soul that he real becomes a free man.He is able to open up his foreland and express his views and get under ones skin only after his desires to be free be current by himself and he really sees the essence of world free. slavery and immunity are more analogous than one would presume. As in this day and age, a family keep in the ghetto is akin to a family securing only comme il faut money to stick out for their trapping both(prenominal) are musical accompaniment similar lifestyles of want and without any luxury. The contravention is that one family is working on their stimulate to actualise and contribute that caparison piece of music the other(a) is just be effrontery it.Slavery, in itself, is universe subordinate on a higher(prenominal) federal agency to provide for you slice you do what they tell you to do. emancipation is the re adiness to exonerate what you receive and having the pause of mind that you merit it. Douglass worked hard to get to his license and communicate for his have family on his own accord. To Douglass slavery was not beingness have by mortal freedom was not being able to work for your own wages nor was freedom given to you by your master. true(a) freedom is what Douglass pull in finished his trials and deserved as a man who achieved his goals and at last has achieved freedom and pink of my John in his own mind.

International Financial Reporting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International financial Reporting - canvas Example forrader January 2013, IAS 19 nether GAAP stupefy off bookkeeping necessitys for diverse kinds of benefits offered by an employer, often a company, to its staff members. These benefits all-encompassing to employment result and retirement contexts. These benefits significantly affected employers pecuniary situations and output signal because they attract the intelligible attention of the users of pecuniary statements. This paper come on discusses the similarities and differences between IFRS and American GAAP for revise IAS 19 to give way this issue extensively.The IAS 19 Standard rescriptThe rationale environ the edict of IAS 19 by the IASB is its primary(prenominal) wants. First, IAS 19 acknowledges both legal and overconfident commitments do to workers by their employers. The logic for amending this demand is the delayed mention of profits and losses by the preceding(prenominal) acknowledgement. A fiat of IAS 19 made sure the funded position of a attached company ordain never be similar to the mavin reflected on its IASB proportion sheet requirement (Price Water kin Coopers, 2013). Second, IAS 19 requires the cause of Projected social unit Credit as just an actuarial costing technique. Adopting a change in IAS 19 resulted in the company acknowledging an asset for unfinanced packages and an obligation for overly financed packages.Third, IAS 19 take demographic and fiscal actuarial presumptions to be objective and reciprocally matched. A revision of IAS 19 certain the decrease of the comparability of options available today, as well as the limitation of their forte to fiscal reports. Fourth, IAS 19 based fiscal presumptions on commercialise anticipations. Revising this requirement made it heavy(a) to compare the impacts of the DB packages of various organizations.

Personnel and organization conflict Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personnel and organization conflict - Essay ExamplePerformance standards typically emphasize individual performance, merely they can also be riding habitd to measure group performance.The employees of a company mustiness be notified in written about the performance standards that the workers must comply with. Appraisal programs include the performance standards in order to measure the performance of employees. Some of the measures that are estimated by performance standards include the quality, quantity, cost say-so and timeliness of the work performed. Performance standards are needed to control the labor output of the employees. For instance, if an employee is given a performance standard that specifies he must learn at least 25 units per shift, the employee will comply with that amount due to the existence of the performance standard. Monitoring performance standards of a job is a unspoilt way to measure the effectiveness of the worker. The use of performance standards can a lso enhance the ability of the manager to determine operating inefficiencies that need corrective actions to be fixed.Five types of performance measures that managers should consider are efficiency, quality, error rate, revenue, and compliance (Ofm.gov, 2009). Inefficient employees that commit errors must be tracked in order to remedy the situation. A way for management to reduce errors and to improve the quality of the work performed by the workers is through training and development. The use of performance measures helps managers identify weaknesses in the operations of a company. It is important to keep the employees motivated and with high morale to help them achieve a high level of performance. Performance measures enable managers to establish specific criteria for the workers to follow. The use of performance standards provides employees with duties and responsibilities to comply with (Indiana.edu, 2005).The use of written performance measures enables companies to comply with governmental regulations

Portfolio Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Portfolio - Essay ExampleIt is done in five stages namely Existing skills and knowledge argon identified considered to be vital in the current business work Future skills and knowledge are identified considered to be important in incoming career Rating of your tycoon as strong weak, and somewhere in between Reviewing of your ability ratings by choosing someone who is not afraid Finally, utilizing the information to founder the skill and the knowledge areas. Behavioural skills include converse skills, self management and development, mathematical skills, time management, management of tasks, ITC skills, and applying initiative. The technical skills and knowledge is specific and inclines to the area of professionalism in this case business fraternity1 The benefits of skills scrutinise include There is improved skills and knowledge Valuable and valid skills of the work place plans Low development and training cost due to developmental efforts being much foc employ Increase in produ ctivity as employees are better marched to their positions. There are many techniques used to conduct skills audit based on the strategy and context of the organization. This is alignment is very vital in ensuring consistency with the strategy of the business and the value of the audit skills results. Key stages in skills audit is determining the skills required of each employee. Auditing the actual skills and it involves an individual skills audit and self-audit. On result analysis the audit information is apply in planning purposes related to training and development2. The current strategies for skills audit implementation of individual self audit include the panel approach, one-on-one approach and in the end consultant approach. The pitfalls to avoid when conducting skills audit include the hallo effect, perfectionism and/ or non-perfectionism, the external factors, and self-perception. The principles of skills audits form the basis upon which skills audits are conducted. They should be strictly followed to ensure a valid and middling process. They comprise of honesty, validity and reliability, transparency, and constructive feedback Skills Audit table PORTFOLIO ITEM 2 A current personalised CV plus discussion The employability skills that I require were all geared towards building of my personalized CV as an accomplished business asset. The employability skills are grouped into six broad categories which include communication, customer service, cognitive/ analysis, numeracy skills, manual skills, and finally leadership and management. When you want to improve on the quality of your CV, you must actually start by sharpening the marketable skills and knowledge you posses before embarking on those that are new to you. The employability skills include Regard to team work, must be able to show cooperation to others on a shared task Oral communication skills, by showing the ability to give accurate and clear information by appropriately listening to others a nd making clarifications on your stand Written communication, having the ability to write well presented essays, letters, and reports for a mixture of audiences Presentation skills, concisely and appropriately presenting ideas and information Persuading and influencing, by being able to convince others that the my ideas are worth of friendship Negotiation, ability to facilitate the reach of an agreement with a group or an

MDCM CASE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

MDCM CASE - Essay ExampleThe services that are provided by the bon ton must in any case be of standard quality. The company has been suffering loss in the grocery store in spite of all its steps and strategy designed for the customers and companys benefit. The company shares its benefits and losses with the customers in order to course of study close relations with the customers. With the passage of time, the company has identified the importance of its global status. It has expanded by start many offices, branches and acquisitions in different parts of the world. However, the company identifies its lacking procedures and slowed information collection and update due to which, it goes through transformations under the heading of Horizon 2000. The company requires a well established IT strategy in order to meet the competition in the market. This paper analyzes the issue in detail. Strategic Goals of MDCM MDCM does the business of health check devices contract manufacturing and i s well reputed because of its expansion with the passage of time. The company has well defined strategic goals and due to some problem with meeting the goals, the company has faced invariable losses. The strategic goals of the company are as follows (Jeffery & Norton 1-7) To facilitate the customers with their required devices within due time. To develop an online ordering and account management system that the customers will be able to use themselves. To provide an end-to-end package of medical device contract manufacturing services. To design and fabricate specialized equipment used in the assembly of manufacturing services. To form close partnership arrangements with its customers. To share rewards and risks of the business with its customers. To work with customers as close as it is possible. To reduce manufacturing costs to their lowest level. To maximize customer satisfaction by delivering quality parts and assemblies on time. To expand its business by opening new offices and manufacturing facilities close to its largest customers. To maintain that the acquisitions that the company makes, allow the company to spread its available excellence while keeping the foreign companies autonomous enough to be able to better serve their local customers. Competitive Environment The firm MDCM faces a strict competition in the market because of more firms in the same business. With increasing concept of globalization, more people are active in market and provide globalized facilities to their customers due to which, all the firms face challenges to work towards success and expansion of their business on global basis. MDCM has designed a strategy to form veracious and close relation with its customers by involving them in their business as the company used to share its rewards and risks with its customers. However, with new businesses introduced in the market, this practice was copied and conducted by other businesses as well due to which, a competitive environment was created in the market (Jeffery & Norton 3). As a competitive strategy, the company MDCM opened many offices at locations, which were come up to their largest customers. Along with offices, the company also made a number of acquisitions. According to Jeffery & Norton (2006), the acquisition targets were all non-US-based companies that had competencies in contract manufact

NAFTA Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

NAFTA - Essay ExampleReduction of Tariffs and other ControlsBasic economics predicts that the reduction of tariffs and other controls on imported goods allow for probably lower domestic production and employment in these sectors. There should also be a corresponding increase in activities oriented towards exports (MacArthur 33). In principle, one can investigate the net effect of easiness on output and employment. Currently, this question has important ramifications in both Canada and Mexico, even though the contexts atomic number 18 quite different--Canada has lowered some barriers as part of the Free Trade Agreement signed with the United States, while Mexicos adhesion to the GATT required a colored tariff reduction, much larger than that of Canada. In both these countries, the tariff reduction has been accompanied by a recession, which has been sharper in Mexico. Neither case is an sample test of liberalization. Canada has been lowering tariffs for some time, while Mexicos re cession had begun before the GAIT accord, as a result of the debt crisis. With regard to Canada, the tendency is that more of the coefficients on the liberalization dummy variables in the labor demand equation are large and statistically significant. This is the case for the following sectors food, leather, textiles, wood, printing, transport equipment, and electrical equipment. This finding is robust to changes in the specification of the equation. Thus, even given the level of production, there still was a strong tendency for labor use to fall.

World civilization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

World civilization - Essay ExampleApart from maintain another important factor was strong devotion of Russians towards their Byzantine legacy and Orthodox traditions. Russians developed important parallels with the western society. Russians had strong belief towards their political pairing because they were under the rule of single prince and single dynasty during the particular period (Anderson 21). After the death of the prince, the powerful Kievan principality disintegrated into opposing political units. Russia created a structure of rules, which was approximately unknown by the European countries. The differences between Russia and Europe continued for a long period of time from 1250 to 1700. The absolute monarchy prevailed roughly under the rule of diaphysis the Great during the eighteenth century. The hyphen of ruling empire was completely different from several western countries, such as France or Prussia that left the ruling style diverse.From the above discussion it is clear that the ruling style of Russia was different from western countries due to various factors including large distance between the countries and strong adherence towards their Orthodox

Education as Initiation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Education as Initiation - Assignment ExamplePeters (1965) presents the idea of education as initiation. In his book, he describes the teacher as an instigator of education and the students as aspirants. His work revolves around the process of macrocosm initiated into a given tradition whereby the values of this tradition are passed along. In addition, the author elaborates several(prenominal) education criteria depending on nature of students Firstly, a state of mind that is desirable develops a valuable aspect that must be initiated. Secondly, education implies that one is being brought into the light because he or she possesses the appropriate skill or knowledge in a manner that involves some degree of understanding. Thirdly, education will eer involve seeing everything that is happening in a broader perspective. This implies a cognitive awareness that relates to other fields knowing what and how.From Platos point of view, the goal of tuition is simply to enlighten the mind. Ind uction prepares a scholar by providing brief ideas about the covered information in a particular field. In addition, Plato believes that development imparts the knowledge of reality to learners. Learners are always taught what is real or rather the things they will face in the major task. For Instance, when an induction is performed for students in a mathematics class, it gives them an outline of the things they should expect during the entire course. This is outline is real as it is a forecast of the entire subject.Lastly, schooling inculcates the relevant values to students. Learners, irrespective of the level or field of study, obtain the societal values. These values are acceptable in the society as they prepare the students for future or rather initiate the learner into his or her place in the society. Therefore, all these are related to the concept of schooling for induction as it prepares the students for what is ahead.

Is Jazz Black Music Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Is Jazz Black Music - Research Paper utilizationIt is obvious that nullity music has black origins alone as obvious as serious music music has European origins. European music is no drawn-out simply European because it can be composed and played by bothone. yet can this be said about jazz? This question is classic because even though jazz has black origins, jazz music also has a special relationship to black people in a modal value European music does not have a special relationship to white people. Now that is a strange expression I have just made. But I believe in trying to answer it I will come up with motives explaining why jazz was once a authoritative black music, and why I write was once in italics. One feature that jazz sh ares with classical music is that it is universal. This statement means nothing unless one rephrases to allow something of its origin. Jazz was created by black people and it gradually or today became universal. Gradually is used to demonstrate h ow it eventually was heard by others in the world and was immediately accepted as a special kind of plenteous music. Immediately is italicized to say that it is an infectious, shoe-stamping kind of music. Of course not all of it is shoe-stamping. This is just to make a point. But jazz ballads or slow-tunes would also fall in this immediately-felt felt category. The point is that some down-trodden people who were black skinned emerged their rhythm and their ability to make rich music into a white setting of harmony and rhythm. What they poured into that setting or form overtook it and produced something that was immediately appreciated by the world. That statement is itself a mouthful. But any book on jazz history would say the same. This is that jazz was created by black people who poured their feelings and their kinds of expression, which were originally and importantly African, into western music forms. That is a simple(a) statement which put forwards in a simple way the theme o f this essay identifying jazz as black music. A year or so ago, looking at a television show, there was a jazz music program on. It was rather strange because it was a Japanese jazz quartet playing music. This event cannot be compared to European classical music because today it is regularly accepted that some of the best classical string players are Japanese or of other non-white or non-European origin. A Japanese musician playing saxophone like Charlie Parker or Dexter Young would still be an anomaly as far as history goes. But this is for people who recognize history like those who cant get over the event that the South loss the Civil War and it was a good thing that they did. The important point that is trying to be made here is jazz as a social construction is black music in the way that the United States of America is a social construction. In fact America as a social construction has all the elements of jazz in it and, of course, even more. Where America differs or departs f rom jazz as a social construction is the reason why jazz is black music and why it seems strange at this stage at this stage of American history to have a Japanese band play jazz. This should not be seen as a racist statement because it has already been admitted that jazz is a universal music. This means anyone so ball-hawking can play jazz. In fact probably the skill level demanded of the music also compares it in a favorable way to European classical music. European is used as a description only to point to the history of classical music. Today there are good

What does Doris Lessing mean by the title of her chapter, Group Minds Essay

What does Doris Lessing mean by the title of her chapter, Group Minds Explain in your own spoken language in a paragraph first then reference the article. Select a film - Essay ExampleThe subjectivity thus becomes an internalized version of something that dictates our being, be it through commercialization of gender biases or fixating stereotypes and archetypal desires (blonde-haired women are dumb, fashionable gay man, notions of beauty, etc.). Hence, she highlights that what is dangerous is not the belonging to a group or groups provided not understanding the social laws that govern groups and govern us (pp 50). Thus, ignorance makes us more gullible and more malleable and makes us helpless against all such(prenominal) invisible forces. The film, Good Will Hunting as a realistic specimen of a young mans struggle with a magnificence of expectations that immediately tries to suck him into a world of performance and group joining politics. This not only threatens his apparent invi sibility, and comfort beyond the social gaze, but in like manner makes him realize the utter uselessness of conforming to social orders and institutional snobbery. However, Will escapes all such predicament.Manipulation, spontaneous obedience, group mentality and responding to social circumstances, as if they were psychological realities or unconsciously imbibing them to limit our intellectual and cognitive ability is what concerns Doris Lessing in Group Minds. Parallely, if we consider Foucaults argument in Discipline and Punish1 where he argues that discipline creates docile bodies, ideal for making human beings respond fittingly to the scenario be it new economics, politics and warfare or the modern industrial age, is similar to what Lessing says in her essay. These bodies must be trained to function well in factories, ordered military regiments, and school classrooms. This theory is comparable to Lessings idea too, since Foucault seem to bring out the concept of an invisible fo rce that gazes without been gazed at and

The Evolving Role of Government in Education Essay

The Evolving Role of Government in Education - Essay ExampleFurther concerns of long-term socio-economic as come up as political implications that such preparations portend have been a factor that has driven these debates. Therefore, there has been a consensus that the federal government ought to take matters of education holistically with a view to changing policies and streamlining education, which will be relevant in this century and age (Sunderman, 2010). Indeed, the president and the U.S Secretary in charge of education have do indemnity intervention calls to address education crises in High Schools with a biased concentration on the schools, which perform dismally, as well as in colleges and career configuration. In this line, there have been a number and pieces of legislations proposed or enacted by the national congress driven from research findings and recommendations on the best practices that would adequately inform federal policy (Cross, 2004). For instance, funds have been injected under the federal stimulus program, which has gone further in shedding light on the opportunities addressable to agitate and create education awareness campaigns for improvement. Further, there have been state-led movements charged with the mandate to evaluate and craft common standardized approaches to greatly way channelize the American Education (Sunderman, 2010). Such legislations include the reauthorized Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA). This act was proposed with the view to critically assess the high school crisis so that systems and structures are out in place to enable students graduating from high schools to be adequately ready to take on careers in colleges. In this case, the federal policy is seen to play an important role to ensure that in reauthorizing the Elementary and Secondary Education Act in away that the policies would be congruent with the changes and common standards hatchway to take the leading role and facilitation of partners hip with other players in the education sector (Sunderman, 2010). The federal role and the Aid Evolution For a long time, or so a century, the federal government has been playing a significant role in the enhancement of education in America. It has been the fulcrum about national needs and interests as far as education is concerned. This has been seen in a number of roles over the years in line with democracy and promotion of an educated America. One has been to significantly do away with poverty, promote equity in education access and to respond to the needs of the vulnerable groups in society. The second role has been promotion of pledge and enhancement of economic stability across the whole country to ensure it economically competes with other countries (Cross, 2004). One of the predominant areas where the federal role has been witnessed has been in its push for aid in education. Todays advocacy for elementary and secondary education can be traced back to the year 1938 when a report of the consultative committee on education instigated by the then president, Franklin D. Roosevelt, laid significant facts bare. On the whole, the report indicated that there were serious disparities among the American states and went further to lay recommendations that the states that were dawdle behind should be assisted to promote equity (Sunderman, 2010).

How to snowboard Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How to snowboard - Essay ExampleApart from this, the needed accessories include a pair of gloves, a helmet, goggles, wrist guards and a hat.Next is to get into the bindings so that a snowboarder comes at level with the snow. For this, he needs to place his front foot in the flat area of the snow. The straps should be closed for both the toe and the ankle. For step-in bindings, there is a need to step in and roll the foot in a circular stain so that it is deemed as safe. Bouncing a few steps in this position would give a general feel as to how it looks.Next is to absorb the first few baby steps. These steps should have the front foot in the snowboard binding and the back foot out towards the outside. One should start by placing the shoulders and toes in direct linkage with the incline and the snowboard should go in a perpendicular fashion with this incline.After the baby steps, a snowboarder essential sit fling off and strap his feet into the snowboard. Standing up after this and looking towards the snowboard helps at understanding the process faster. At this time, weighting must be laid on the heels. repetition of this step back and forth helps at understanding the snowboarding process. Skating is another step which helps to give an idea about the movement through the flat areas and the snowboarded must know how to skate beforehand.Next step is to think of him as getting out off a chair where he needs to go in an area of inclination and thus secure the front foot towards the binding. Thus the snowboard must be pointed downwards during this activity as it will put the weight on the front foot and glide automatically towards the flat area.After these steps, when the snowboarded starts getting comfortable with the whole process, he must practice until he reaches for the chair lift which will escort him towards the top. At this moment, he needs to observe how the other snowboarders are carrying out their snowboarding activities. After this, the snowboarder is required to slide

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 183

Essay ExampleI was a bit upset for there was nothing interesting about them they were just common people everyone foundation see in a caf in the daybreak. Despite this, I enjoyed being there because of the sun that shone just right through the window, the caf smelled of coffee and freshly parched muffins, and I felt peaceful and contended with my life.At that very chip, a humankind came in and caught my attention immediately. He seemed to be very excited, even nervous. He looked more or less as if he was looking for someone or something, sat down at a table and ordered tea. The man was dressed very neatly, and at first I thought that he came on a date it was too early for that though, and I put that thought to rest. Also, it was quite an early morning for a business meeting. Curiosity was eating me up as the man checked his watch almost every two minutes and looked out the window. He was definitely waiting for someone.About fifteen minutes of waiting passed, and a boy bounced i nto the caf. He was about thirteen or fourteen years old, not too tall, and he reminded me of someone I had already seen before. When he came up to the man, I understood who the boy reminded me of. It became obvious they were a father and a son. When the man saw the boy, he glowed with happiness and finally calmed down. The boy was also very glad to see his father for he ran up and hugged him. It was such a nice and moving scene I think that the fact that they met at the caf suggests that they did not live together perhaps, the boys parents were divorced, and his mother had a sole cargo area of her child. In any case, it was clear that they had not seen each other for a long time.As I looked around, I noticed that everybody who was at the caf at the moment also was watching the man and his son. Just like me, they also seemed to be moved by the scene. At that very instance, I felt that the entire caf was change with peace, happiness and even

Supervision Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Supervision - Assignment ExampleTraining supervision is meant to sens and evaluate the candidates ability to transfer theory learnt in class to practice in applied setting. General work supervision seeks to warrant professional standards are met with focus on client interest and level of supervisee competency for further certification. In training supervision is done by clever teaching personnel and marks awarded while general work supervision is done by senior supervisors in the applied setting through telephone number quality checks on performance.An individual must possess an associate degree or a comparable experience in the field of human serving work .However the candidate must have attained a GPA which meets the minimum standard of the Board. Persons with not less than 60 college units and not less than 4 courses which are relevant with counseling or social work is eligible for license as long as they secure a job in counseling social work. However, if one does not posses s college certificate, they must work for a whole year under the supervision of Bachelors companionable Workers or Master Social Workers.Supervision ensures that standards of professionalism in service delivery are met. This help in promoting a candidates competency and experience while at the same time protecting the interest of the client. It offers an opportunity to discover ones potential and enhance competitiveness and compliance to the set down rules and regulations.some(a) of the ethical dilemma includes reconciling professional requirements with the need to form an informal relationship with the clients. Besides, supervisors are expected to be strict on academic requirements sometimes against the possibility of better practical ability that one may

Economic Growth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Economic Growth - Essay ExampleHowever, the United States still displays the highest growth rate in this period as shown in the left panel of Figure 2. The remnant of the world also displayed increasing growth rate, but at a oft slower pace than the seven biggest economies which resulted to a wider gap between the real gross domestic product per person among these countries as shown in the right panel of Figure 2.The rest of Asia, on the other hand, as represented by Hong Kong, Singapore, Taiwan South Korea, and China also showed tremendous gains in their economies as shown by their real GDP per person growth depicted in Figure 3. China, the worlds newest scotch superpower, showed an exponential growth in its real GDP.A question, prompted by the above, is what atomic number 18 the underlying causes of economic growth Furthermore, why is it that some countries grow faster than others Is trade a major engine of economic growth Or is it foreign require investments A major terminal of this paper is to debate the effectiveness foreign direct investments and trade in fostering economic growth, and in the end answer the question on whether developing countries are right to increasingly firing resources towards attracting foreign direct investment rather than promoting trade in their objective to achieve economic growthAdmittedly, these questions must be answered amidst ... The shift in economic policies is often on the reallocation of economic resources to finance activities geared toward attracting foreign direct investments rather than the other needs of those nations.Figure 3 Economic Growth in AsiaSource See Figure 2Economic theories postulate that, for economic growth to be persistent economies must take after cardinal activities - these activities generate ongoing economic growth saving and investment in new capital, investment in human capital, and discovery of new technologies. From these three activities emerged different economic growth theories, ho wever, these theories are not the topic of this reading, but rather foreign direct investments and trade.International trade promotes the development of comparative expediency in the global economy, allows for the trade of similar goods - for example, United States imports automobiles and at the same time exports other types of automobiles, the diversity of taste of people is given an outlet, and economies of scale is enhanced. tidy sum has a very important role in promoting and sustaining long term economic growth that foreign direct investment doesnt (Kurgman and Obsfeld Marrewijk, Ottens and Schueller).Nonetheless, the role of foreign direct investment in the development process can not be underscored either. Hence, developing countries had shifted a considerable amount of their resources into attracting foreign direct investments or FDIs. For example, in the Sub-Saharan Africa, governments have shifted policies to attract FDIs. Fiscal holidays and tax holidays are awarded gene rously to investors. Moreover, investors often require that the country remedy its property rights in favor of the FDI and improve

Mergers And Joint Ventures Essay Example for Free

Mergers And Joint Ventures EssayA company does not plan on merging with another company and although some mergers ar voluntary other mergers are not. When a company is struggling, having financial difficulties and has used up each(prenominal) of its resources sometime it is in the best interest to merge. It is important for companies to actualise the different mergers and to pick the best solution. Below aggroup D will discuss the differences between a horizontal, vertical, and conglomerate merger and how those mergers differ from joint ventures. plane MergersHorizontal mergers are the combining of two or more companies in the same industry that are competitors. An example would be Sirius Satellite and XM radio. The benefit of this merger is a decrease in competition for all the companies involved. The disadvantages of this merger is that a horizontal merger is considered hostile due to a larger company taking over the smaller company and it feeling more like an acquisitio n than a merger (wiseGEEK, 2014). Another drawback is the companies not requiring to disclose or share all trade secrets resulting in jealousy and/or resentment.Vertical MergersVertical mergers are more common and the companies involved in this merger do not debate directly in the same grocery. A vertical merger is a combination of two companies that produce different products or services and come unneurotic to produce one specific product. One of the merging companies would be the buyer of products and the other company would be the supplier (Colander, 2013). An advantage of this merger is lower be due to thecompany not having to pay for the materials from the supplier. A disadvantage of this merger is forcing suppliers out of business and anti-trust issues.Conglomerate MergerUnlike horizontal and vertical mergers, a conglomerate merger is less personal and merges two companies in different markets that are unrelated to each other to grow financially and to increase their marke t share. An advantage of this merger is the advantage to reach a bigger audience. When two companies merge together they have access to the other companies market base. The size of the companies shtup be an advantage or disadvantage. The size can be a disadvantage because of structure changes, i.e. an increase of employees as well as core set being lost due to the merge.Joint VentureJoint venture occurs when commercial enterprise is undertaken jointly by two or more parties and at the same time still maintaining their individual identities. Joint ventures seem a bit more beneficial when compared to mergers. One pro of joint venture is that the companies address to exist as their own, whereas with mergers the two firms are one and no longer independent (Chron, 2014). An example of a joint venture is a cable and a phone company coming together offering both of their services like a bundle that offers special discounts.ConclusionThe three different types of merges team d learned ap proximately are horizontal, vertical and conglomerate. We also learned the difference of the three and the advantages and disadvantages of the different mergers and how joint ventures differ from mergers. It is important for firms to knowledgeable about mergers and joint ventures so that they may make the best decisions for their firm.ReferencesChron. (2014) Retrieved from http//smallbusiness.chron.com/difference-between-mergers-joint-ventures-18578.html Colander, D. C. (2013). Microeconomics (9th Ed.). New York, NY

Socrates Failure in Refuting Thrasymachus Essay Example for Free

Socrates Failure in Refuting Thrasymachus EssayIn producing a counter argument to Thrasymachus claim that evaluator is the service of the unanimouser, Socrates bases his argument enourmously on sentimentality and prejudice. He assumes that the virtues which are supposedly functioning in the realm of ideas can also work propably in the World. For example, in Socrates view, a doctor does not seek his own advantage, nevertheless the advantage of his patients. Yet, this view reflects the perfect ideal of a doctor in Socrates belief of ideas in a dream humanity. With a modern perspective, one can fairly see that Socrates refutation has some complexities which clash severely with the real considers of the Ancient Greek. Socrates regard of the doctor ignores the inherent hu reality desire or fragility to obtaining the power for his advantage. Socrates confuses the crafts with the craftsmen occasionally.The crafts such as medicine or horse-breeding are idealized. However, crafts men are human and they are liable to exploit the authority which their crafts give over them. Therefore, Thrasymachus idea of legal expert is more applicable than Socrates. Socrates manages to appease Thrasymachus, but that does not mean Socrates is successful or so refuting Thrasymachus. In fact, if one observes their conversation critically, it is obvious that Socrates fails to refute Thrasymachus argument. Socrates is very optimistic and emotional towards human nature, which causes his arguments and refutations to be fragile . The virtue in individuals does not evermore bring prosperity to the state on the whole. Not everyone is sensitive to the good of the differents.Socrates republic is, in this sense, utopic. Socrates states, Anyone who intends to practise his craft well never does or orders but his best for himself (Plato, 23). This belief does not match the modern experience nor does it match the experience of a Greek citizen in Ancient Greece. In reverse, Thrasymachus believes that justice is a means for the strong to exercise advantage. In a sense Thrasymachus associates the strenght of a citizen with his authority and position in the society. He famously states, Justice is nothing other than the advantage of the stronger (Plato, 14). Justice is a tool for the established order to preserve itself. The strong citizen with a sizeable authority makes use of justice in a manner to assert his private interests.Under the shadow of justice, he can easily practise injustice and impose it as justice to the others. Thats why the strong is in a position to employ justice and injustice at their own interest. For instance, since a ruler makes laws in a position to twist justice for his own benefit. Therefore, his prior concern is to preserve and enhance his own authority. In order to do that, he ignores the welfare of his subjects. He does not act eer within a moral perspective. Thrasymachus believes that even in the lower classes of the society, this is ex actly the case. In terms of taxes, for example, an unjust man will gain more economically since he will always search for the ways to avoid taxation.A just man, on the other hand, with a sentimental love for his state and a respect for it, pays his taxes regularly and gains less than an unjust man in economical perspective. Thrasymachus believes that a man with authority is always just. Because he profits at the end. So, Thrasymachus concentrates primarily on the outcome of the act in a pragmatic way. He does not give any importance to the unjust proceedings which a man with authority exercise in order to achieve private benefit and gain. Socrates, on the other hand, believes that even a simple act of injustice on the path to power eradicate not solo the man as an individual, but also the society on the whole.Socrates is toilsome to harmonize his own utopic world with the realities of the earth which he thinks can be transformed and shaped. His views are rather romantic with a nos talgic perspective. Socrates is not skeptical unlike sophist philosophers of his age. He reasons, however, with a firm belief in his own conception of this world which is a projection of a higher world of ideas functioning in harmony. He believes that gods are just (Plato, 29). Homers Iliad on the other hand states otherwise, portraying gods are cruel and jelous. Therefore, Socrates thinks within his own ideology. He tries to impose his ideology to Thrasymachus who never disagrees with him at all.For example, in Socrates opinion, injustice causes civil strife, antagonism and disorder while justice brings friendship and a sense of common purpose. However, in a World which does not precisely regulate the terms of justice or injustice, Thrasymachus view that justice always looks to the advantage of the stronger makes more sense. Thrasymachus claims are based on his own experience of Ancient Greek life while Socrates statements hardly related to the realities of the life surrounding him . He is blinded by what he firmly believes. He is trying to adjust the common realities of the society to his own ideology.Altough he is able to convince Thrasymachus at the end, what he does during this process is misleading. Thrasymachus seems to be an agent for Socrates to express his ideology in a dialogue for. Thrasymachus presence is only to introduce the question and to be a passive listener during Socrates answering process. Therefore, Socrates refutation of Thrasymachus claim that justice is advantage of the stronger is nothing but a dictation of Socrates attempt to reconcile his own ideology of a utopic republic with the status quo in Ancient Greece.In conclusion, Socrates contradiction in terms to Thrasymachus may be convincing for Platos Greek audience, but it is not anyway convincing to the modern reader. Socrates idea of justice can only be reasoned in the future of Socrates lifetime in Socrates view. It does not correspond to Socrates actual reality. It is aimed to c onstruct an emotional idea of justice in a future time. It is only possible by changing the realities of the world in a manner to suit Socrates ideology.

Research Paper Essay Example for Free

Research Paper EssayPharmaceutical Companies, Intellectual Property, and the Global AIDS Epidemic This case is provided at the end of chapter 3 of your text (Luthans and Doh). after reading the case, and performing interrogation on the topic, answer the following questions1.) Do pharmaceutical companies withdraw a responsibility to distribute drugs for free or at low cost in exploitation countries? What are the main arguments for and against such an approach?2.) What are the principal arguments of pharma companies who oppose making exception to IPR laws for developing countries? What are the arguments by NGOs and others for a differential treatment?3.) What impact would you expect South Africas decision to levy duties on drug imports from Western nations to have on the international distribution of drugs to South Africa?4.) In June 2002, the WTO extended the transition period during which least-developed countries (LDCs) had to provide patent protection for pharmaceuticals. In yo ur opinion, do you think this is an appropriate assortment in policy, or a dangerous precedent? What could be some of the negative ramifications of this resolution? What about effects for other industries?5.) Given the initiatives announced by global development and aid organizations and among pharmaceutical companies themselves, was it necessary to relax IPR rules in order to ensure that adequate supplies of AIDs medications would be available for distribution in the developing world? 6.) What role do MNCs have in providing funding or other assistance to international organizations such as the Global breed?Present your answers using APA-formatEight to ten pages, double-spaced, using 12-point Times New Roman font. Also, please be sure to cite all scholarly information paraphrased or quoted from your researched sources of information on the case topic. Finally, be sure to include a separate Reference Page on which you list all of your research information sources according to corre ct APA citation style, depending on the kind of source book, chapter, published article, internet article, etc. Submit this assignment to your instructor in larn Plan 6 via the Assignment Drop Box labeled Research Paper.This assignment is worth 275 points and will be graded based on the written material Intensive Rubric. Be sure that your account shows multiple revisions with improved focus and clear writing for a general audience. Please remember to check your paper against the criteria in the Writing Intensive Research Paper Rubric before submitting it (see link above in this paragraph). Also, please let your Instructor know if you have any questions at all regarding producing or submitting this Research Paper assignment as the course progresses.a

Looking At The History Of Animation Film Studies Essay

Looking At The History Of vim Film Studies EssayFirstly Edward Mybridge use of goods and servicesd 24 cameras to record the actions of Humans in Motion stop motion pictures. By this method they learned the dynamics of animal frontment.In 1880s Thaumatrope two position one side with bird and other side with cage when twirl it the two image superimpose on each other and the bird go away appear inside the cage because of the persistance of vission.Zoetrope is the series of images which are drawn and placed in a cylindrical object when the object revolves the images in a cylinder creates the illusion of motion and creates an keep in 1860s.1878- THE PRAXINOSCOPEIt is similar to the Zeotrope hardly its requiring mirrors to project the image. Emile Reynaud was the first person to opened first movie theater in genus Paris employ the Praxinoscope.1891- THE KINETOSCOPEThe famous American inventor Thomas Alva Edison built on the previous models a model of his own which is considered to be the first cinema machine.It consisted of a box through and through which a reel of photos were passed, at a rate of 46 images per second, and lit by an incandescent lamp the spectator could see the show through a peephole. In 1896 he gibe the first movie kiss of all(prenominal) time.1894- THE CINEMATOGRAPHIn 1894 the French duo of Lumiere brothers created the first real movie camera. They were intrigued by the Kinetoscope and tried to build a better model themselves. They came up with a machine which the called the Cinematograph which was a combination of a camera and a projector. In 1895 they shot the first movie called Date. This movie is considered to be the birth of cinema.Flip Book is the process of drawing a picture some semilar to the another, by fliping the page the an keep is being create. The similar process is also called cel liveness.Cel and Paper Animation TechniqueBy mid of 1910s animation production in US was already controlled by the techniques of cell and pa per. America was the most popular in cell animation than in Europe because of assembly line Taylorism that had taken America by storm.Cell Animation wass most appropriate way to the assembly line style of manufacturing because itook a whole line of persons working on very specific and simple several(prenominal) duties. On the other hand in Europe where the assembly line style of work was not encouragd, clay animation and other form of animation that required muchover a few individuals working on the set at a time was more popular. Because the actual set can only afford a limited amount of individuals working at one time together and no more this style and other alternative forums of animation became more widely accepted.Disney Cell AnimationBy drawing each image back solid ground and layout of scene one at a time using onion-skinning technique. The element or character which might have movement are drawn on transparent sheet of paper known as Cels and primed(p) over the backgrou nd which is static. Only moving elements need to be redrawn, backgroung can also be drawn longer and moved to give the effect of travelling.For eg- The simpsons, mho park etc.These days most of the work done on Computer.Synched Sound Steamboat Willie was released on November 18th 1928 by Disney.The first cartoon synchronized with vigorous titledSteamboat Willie was created by Disney.Firstly Didney tried to get a deal with RCA or Western Electronic to record the sound track of the movie just now it was not succided. Then Walt signed contract with botleg Powers Cinephone process and even with disastorous finally the first sound track in a session was recorded with a 15-pice caboodle and his own Micky squeaks.The Future of Animation3D AnimationToy Story released November 22nd 1995On enterance of computer graphics and 3D softwares the feature length train of high graphics can virtually be created in 3D. Toy Story is considered to be the first full length gay feature consume wh ich ever made on computer graphics. Toy Story was made by the partners Disney and Pixar.Story board of the movie to final render created in CG digital imagery.Combination of 3D 2DThe Iron Giant released on 1999. If we see the Iron Giant it looks like the traditionaliy drawn cell by cell but its not true the giant robot is actually made and nameed in 3D software and rendered as a 2D image. Autodesk Maya was used to design this character. One of the most important advantage in creating 3D software is that it is easy to animate no need of frame by frame drawing. in addition most of the backgrond which looks like 2D were also made in 3D software and rendered as 2D image.Fishing released on 1999 Pacific Data Images use of non realistic photo, realistic water colour effect rendering in 3D software.Character Animation is all about what the character is thinking .At times, he was getting lost. Is he happy or sad? So we punched it up. Rather then having him just look up at the sky, we ha d him jump off the ground just a bit. That touch better communicates what he is thinking, what his feeling. Thats all I do all day long as a character animator- move 3D models to look like their thinkingDavid GaineyDinosaur released in 2000With the development of the technologies of Computer Graphics it introduce a new and more realistic CGI characters accordingly those seen in Dinosaur. The creation, design and implementation of real technology of realistic digital hair on the lemurs are elaborated.Kung Fu Panda was released on November 9th 2008 with the development of advanced technology DVDs and Blue-ray criminal record produced by DreamWorks Animation and was distributed by Paramount Pictures. However the concept of Kung Fu Panda has been around since 1993, but the work started on this feature film in 2004 because of the flexibility of the software flexibility or the software development.Berief History of Indian AnimationDadasaheb Phalke is known as the father of Indian cinem a he produced 95 movies and 26 short films in his 19 years career.Ek Anek Aur Ekta, a short traditional animated short educational film was released in 1974 was considered as the first animated film from India from Doordarshans Film Division. The theme of the film is to teach children the value of unity. This film was the first animated films from India which was radiate on National television channel and it was broadcast in the nations official language Hindi.The first Indian animated television series is Ghayab Aaya was released in 1986 and it is directed by Suddhasattwa Basu. And Rodeside Romeo is the first Indian 3D live film was written and directed by Jugal Hansraj and was produced by a joint project between Yash Raj Films and the Indian Division of the Walt Disney Company.Development of Animation PrinciplesAlmost all of the conventions of traditional animation were developed at the Walt Disney Studios in 1930s. The principles of the animation were developed to make good an imation, especially character animation, more realistic and entertaining. All the principle which was developed during the traditional animation is applied to 3D CG animation.There are 28 Principles of Animation out of those 12 principles are considered as basic but most important principles of animation introduced by the Disney animators Ollie Johnstone and Frank Thomas in 19 81 in the book called The Illusion of Disney Animation. Their effort is to produce more realistic animations The Illusion of Life Disney Animation on the work of the leading Disney animators from the 1930 onward. The book and its principles have become generally adopted and have been referred as the account book of the Animation Industry. The principles are still having the great relevance or the computer graphics animation.

PSO Based Algorithm for Optimal PMU Placement in KPTC

PSO Based Algorithm for optimal PMU view in KPTCA PSO Based Cluster Formation Algorithm for Optimal PMU Placement in KPTCLFirst A. Author, Designation, Organization, Second B. Author, and Third C. Author, Jr., Designation, OrganizationAbstract Power system commonwealth estimation with the exclusive deployment of synchronous phasor touchstones demands that the system must be drop offly observable with PMUs only. Direct measurement of phase angles of current and voltage phasors be now possible by Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs). To subscribe to lesser flake of PMUs, the transcription riddle in any network is considered as an optimization riddle. This paper presents a segment Swarm optimization (PSO) establish cluster validation algorithmic program for optimal PMU placement. The proposed algorithm clusters the mound topologyes into many sub groups and the maximum mergeivity bus is selected as the heading bus. The PMU is placed on the header bus to manage the machine-a ccessible buses for complete system observability. This paper analyses the proposed algorithm for the following tether casesWithout PMU loss,With single PMU loss, andZero Injection Bus.The simulation results for IEEE bus and the KPTCL bus systems atomic number 18 presented and compared with the existing approaches. The proposed results designate that the method is simple to implement and abide the accurate PMU placement.Index Terms IEEE Bus, Karnataka Power Transmission Corporation Limited (KPTCL), Optimal PMU Placement, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs), and Power System State EstimationI. IntroductionPower utilities are facing numerous threats of security of operation due to the over hard-pressed military force network in the todays competitive power market scenario. Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU) is an evaluating device which is used to measure the current and voltage. It uses the world- wide-cut fructifying System (GPS) pulse to facilitat e the synchronized measurements of real time phasors of currents and voltage. A power system is said to be recognizable when voltage phasors at each the buses are known. According to Ohms Law, if a PMU is placed at the bus, then the dwelling buses also become observable. Obviously, when PMUs are placed at each(prenominal) the buses of the network, and the measurements for all the PMUs are communicated to the control social units, then the voltage phasors at all the buses would be known. This approach slew change the traditional estimation to affirm measurement. PMUs are already installed in several utilities for various finishings around the world such as state estimation, adaptive protection and system protection schemes. Other application fields include stability monitoring, Wide Area Monitoring and Control (WAMC) and efficient system utilization.In the traditional power systems, the buses are monitored using the stodgy measurements from voltage and current transformers an d the entropy are forwarded to the Energy Management System (EMS) through the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system. It collects the real time measurements from the unlike Terminal Units (RTUs) placed in substations. This approaches are not able to monitor all the measurements across a wide area power system because the data are not time-synchronized 1. PMUs are an essential part of smart grids and hence the rate of PMU installations are increasing. In the emerging technology, the major issue need to be addressed is the placement of PMUs, which is influenced by the anticipated system applications. The major factor limiting the number of PMU installations are their live and the communication facilities. Hence, the cost and communication constraints of PMUs have been motivated the researchers to name the minimal PMU installation for the anticipated applications. Placing PMUs on all buses of the power system results a complete observability of the system. Since, a bus is observed if a PMU is placed on it or some of its neighboring buses, it is neither economical nor necessary to carry put such installations. As a consequence, a problem called Optimal PMU Placement (OPP) problem has been occurs.The aim of this paper is to identify the optimal number of PMUs to make the KPTCL topologically observable. Here, a PSO based Clustering Algorithm is proposed to cluster the buses. The header bus is selected based on the maximum connectivity among the buses. The header bus is placed with the PMU to monitor the other connected buses. The PMU placement strategy confirms the system observability during the practice working(a) conditions and also the single PMU failures. The proposed method is found to be simple, fast and accurate in computation. The proposed method is applied on IEEE-6, IEEE-7, IEEE-9, IEEE-14, IEEE-30 bus systems and KPTCL power maps for 28 bus, 127 bus and 155 bus systems to verify the proposed algorithm performance.The remaining par t of the paper is organized as follows Section II involves the works related to the existing algorithms for optimal PMU placement problem. Section III involves the description of the proposed PSO based cluster formation algorithm for optimal PMU placement. Section IV involves the performance analysis of the proposed work. The paper is think in Section V.II. Related WorksWith the number of PMUs estimated for installation in the near future, both the utilities and researchers are looking for the optimal etymons to their placement. The solutions for the optimal PMU placement problem foot be classified into two types mathematical and heuristic algorithms. Some of the existing works related to the optimal PMU placements are discussed. Integer programming is a mathematical programming approach for solving an optimization problem having integer design variables. Singh introduced an integer programming based methodology for the optimal placement of PMU. It reduces the cost of installatio n and facilitate the entire power system observability. The zero injection buses concept was used to further reduce the number of PMUs. Integer programming helps to provide multiple results if the neighboring buses to zero injection buses were not handled properly. The best results was selected based on the 2. Fan and Watson proposed a multi-channel PMU placement problem and their solution. Here, a close consanguinity among the PMU placement problem and the classic combinatorial problem were identified 3.Roy et al proposed an optimal PMU placement approach for power system observability. Here, a three distri plainlyor point optimal PMU placement method was formulated based on network connectivity information. Stage 1 and stage 2 of the algorithm iteratively estimate the less all important(predicate) bus locations to eliminate the PMUs and estimates where the PMUs were retained. The last stage reduces the number of PMUs using the pruning operation. The optimal set of PMU location s were obtained for network observability 4. Manousakis and Korres designed a weighted least squares algorithm for optimal PMU placement. A quadratic minimization problem with continuous decision factors were formulated subject to the nonlinear observability constraints. The optimal solution was obtained by an unconstrained nonlinear weighted least squares method 5. Mahari and Seyedi proposed a Binary Imperialistic Competition Algorithm (BICA) for optimal PMU placement. The zero injection bus was considered for all investigations to obtain the fitted answers. In addition to the traditional rules, new rule was also generated. It helps to reduce the number of PMUs placement 6.Tai et al proposed a Random Component Outages (RCO) for optimal PMU placement for power system estimation. The optimal locations were chosen to reduce the state estimation and error covariance 7. Sodhi et al presented an optimal PMU placement method for complete topological and quantitative observability of pow er system. A two stage PMU placement approach was proposed. Stage 1 identifies the minimum number of PMUs to make the system topologically observable. Stage 2 was proposed to identify if the resulted PMU placement yields to a full ranked measurement Jacobian. A sequential elimination algorithm was proposed to identify the optimal locations of additional PMUs 8. An Exhaustive search is an optimization technique which systematically enumerates all possible candidates for the solution. It chosen the candidate which satisfy the constraints at the optimum objective kick the bucket value. It guaranteed the finding of the global optimum but it was not suitable for large scale systems with huge search space. Azizi et al proposed an optimal PMU placement by an equivalent linear conceptualization for exhaustive search. The state estimation was implemented based on the complete linear placement 9.Fei et al 10 discussed an optimal PMU placement based on the limited exhaustive approach. An or so optimal PMU placement (AOPP) was established in order to identify the searching space. AOPP was deterministically retrieved by detailed power system state observability analysis. The notion of bus neighbor was defined to derive the searching space of limited exhaustive approach. The heuristic algorithms applied for optimal placements are Genetic algorithm, Tabu Search, Simulated Annealing, Differential Evolution, Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Immune Algorithm, Iterated Local Search (ILS), Spanning Tree Search (STS), Greedy Algorithm, Recursive Security N Algorithm, Decision Tree and Practical heuristic rule Algorithm. Hajian et al introduced an optimal PMUs placement to maintain the network observability using a modified BPSO algorithm. An optimal measurement set was estimated to obtain the full network observability during normal conditions. After any PMU loss or single transmission line outage, the derived scheme in normal condition was modified. Observability analysis wa s carried out based on topological observability rules. A new rule was added to minimize the number of PMUs for complete system observability. A modified BPSO algorithm was used as an optimization tool to light the minimal number of PMUs and their corresponding locations 11.Sharma and Tyagi designed an optimal PMU placement approach based on Binary Particle Swarm Optimization (BPSO) with the conventional measurements. quadratic polynomial programming was used in BPSO algorithm. A method for pseudo observability was introduced for depth one and depth two with and without zero injection measurements. It was tested on IEEE-7, IEEE-14, IEEE-30 and IEEE-57 bus system using BPSO technique 12. Peng et al formulated a multi objective optimal PMU placement using a non-dominated sorting differential evolution algorithm. It is an complete integration of Pareto non-dominated sorting operation and the differential evolution algorithm. It enhances the individual crowding mechanism and mutual me chanism 13. El-Zonkoly et al proposed an Improved Tabu Search (ITS) for complete observability and out of step prediction. The system was based on numerical observability and artificial intelligence. ITS was used to identify the optimal placement for the PMU to keep the system completely observable. A Predictive Out of Step (OOS) algorithm was proposed based on the observation of the voltage phase difference among the substations 14. Aminifar et al formulated an optimal PMU placement based on probabilistic cost or benefit analysis. The reduction of system risk cost was recognized as the benefit linked with the development of wide area measurement system 15.Das et al designed a simulation of wide area measurement system with optimal phasor measurement unit location. These measurements were generally taken for every 4 to 10 seconds offering a steady state view of the power system behavior. It was implemented on IEEE cardinal bus system 16. Jamuna and Swarup proposed a multi-objective biogeography based optimization for optimal PMU placement. Here, the concurrent optimization of the two conflicting objectives like minimization of the number of PMUs and maximization of the measurement prolixity were performed. The Pareto optimal solution was obtained based on the non-dominated sorting and crowding distance. The compromised solution was selected based on the fuzzy based mechanism from the Pareto optimal solution 17. Ghosh et al made a reliability analysis of GIS aided optimal PMU location for smart operation. It investigate the impact of topological attributes on commissioning PMUs. Reliability was ensured through various PMU connectivity configuration 18. Peppanen et al proposed an optimal PMU placement with binary PSO 19. Abiri et al introduced an optimal PMU placement method for complete topological observability of power system. A revised formulation for the optimal placement problem of the kinds of PMUs was presented 20.III. PSO Based Cluster Formation For Optimal PMU PlacementPower system observability is essential for identifying the real time monitoring and state estimation of the system. PMUs enable advanced solutions to existing utility problems and provide power system engineers a whole range of potential benefitsAccurate estimation of the power system state can be obtained at frequent intervals,Permitting dynamic phenomena to be observed from a chief location and suitable control actions are taken.Post disturbance analysis will be much improved for the PMU placement problem, which is obtained with the precise pictures of the system states through GPS synchronization.This section proposed a PSO based Optimal PMU Placement in power systems. The objective of this method is to provide the optimal placement of PMUs, which can make the system observable and to maximize the measurement redundancy of the system. Fig.1 shows the period of the proposed method. Initially, the bus system is taken and each bus is considered as a node. Each node connectivity is updated in the binary table. Here, we are considering the following three casesWithout PMU LossWith PMU LossZero InjectionsA. Particle Swarm Optimization Based Cluster Formation for Optimal PMU PlacementPSO is an optimization algorithm which facilitates a people based search procedure in which individual are termed as particles. Here, the PSO algorithm is used to cluster the buses for optimal PMU placement. Each particle contains a PMU placement configuration for a power system. It represents that each particle is constructed by binary dimensions, such that each bus of the power system has a dimension which indicates the man of a PMU in that bus, it is equal to 1, otherwise 0.Algorithm 1 PSO based Cluster FormationInput Connectivity details of the given bus system1 Create binary table for the given buses asFor i = 1 to number of busFor j = 1 to number of busIf bus (i) connect to bus (j)Matrix element represent as 1ElseMatrix element represent as 0End IfEnd Fo rEnd For2 D= Sum (f(x))3 L = max (d)4 Calculate the bus connection for Lth bus and place PMU on that bus5 modify the binary table by eliminating the bus from binary table6 Initialize particles7 Position of particles = x and y coordinating points of bus location.8 Velocity = random (number of buses)9 Check fitness for given position by using objective function.10 Minimum (F_Position)1112 Position = Position + Velocity13 For k = 1 to iterationIf Present_fitness Last_fitnessUpdate fitness valueEnd IfUpdate velocity and position.End For14 recover maximum (fitness_value), mf = max (fitness)15 Place PMU on that bus.16 Update binary table by eliminating the bus from binary table.17 iteration to Step 6 until binary table gets empty.18 If the PMU placed at only one bus,Check the nearest bus and made connection mingled with them and update cluster.19 End IfThe proposed algorithm is applied on the three cases for optimal PMU placement.B. Case 1 Without PMU LossIn this case, the zero injec tion and the flow measurement are ignored. To formulate the constraint set, the binary connectivity matric is formed whose entries are defined in the following equation (1)The matrix can be directly calculated from the bus admittance matrix by converting the entries in the binary form.Consider the six bus systemThe binary table B is defined as (2)The constraints for this case is, (3)From the binary table, identify the maximum connectivity among the buses. The table shows the maximum connectivity is occurred in bus 3. Hence, bus 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 are eliminated from the binary table.Then, the binary table can be updated as, (4)After performing the PSO based clustering algorithm, the PMU is placed on bus 1 and bus 3, which is shown in fig.3.C. Case 2 With loss of PMUIt is considered as each bus is observable by single PMU and these PMUs are placed by the proposed clustering algorithm. Hence, the placement of PMUs are highly true(p) but, if any disturbance occurred in power system or due to maintenance purpose any of the PMUs places is out from the system. If any of the PMU is disconnected, then some of the buses are connected to that PMUs are not remain observable. In order to overcome such unexpected PMU failures, a strategy is considered for single PMU loss. It can be achieved if all the buses are observed by at least two PMUs. These are operated as two sets,Primary setBackup setIf suppose the PMU from primary feather set is not working properly, then the backup set will take the responsibility to observe the buses. To obtain the couple of PMUs, the constraint and objective function will remain same by only modifying the change in matrix f. In this case, the elements of f is equal to 2 instead of 1. It is defined as follows (5)This case place the PMU for monitoring the single bus by two PMUs. Other than the objective function, the steps are same. The new constraint function can be constructed as follows (6)D. Case 3 Zero InjectionZero injection buses are the buses from that no current is passed into the system. Zero injection correspond to the transferring nodes in the system. If zero injection buses are also designed in the PMU placement problem, the entire number of PMUs are further minimized. Consider the following example for zero injection on six bus system where bus 2 is considered as the zero injection bus.Now, the constraint for zero injection bus can be written as follows, (7)From the above equation, it is identified that the bus 3 has maximum connectivity. Hence, PMU is placed on the bus for entire system observability.IV. Performance epitomeTo evaluate the performance of the proposed method, the optimal placement of PMU problem is solved for IEEE standard bus system and KPTCL 220 and cd kV power systems. The KPTCL power buses are shown in fig.6. The results of the proposed method for IEEE bus system is illustrated in table 2. Here, IEEE-6 bus, IEEE-7 bus, IEEE-9 bus, IEEE-14 bus, and IEEE-30 bus system are considered for e valuation. Table 2 provides results for the three cases of IEEE bus systems.We collect the data from the KPTCL 220 and 400 kV power system. Here, the PMU placement is obtained only for the case 1 (without PMU loss). Hence, we proposed an algorithm to obtain the PMU placement, which suits for all the three cases (with loss, without loss, zero injection bus). Table 3 provides the positive number of PMU placement collected from the KPTCL. Whereas table 4 provides the proposed result for the given power system. The proposed method results for 28 bus, 127 bus and 155 bus system in all the three cases.V. Conclusion and Future WorkIn this paper, a PSO based cluster formation algorithm is proposed to solve the optimal PMU placement problem.